Why Volcanic Ashfall is So Dangerous and What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself

Posted: April 14, 2021 2:45 pm

The recent eruption of the La Soufrière volcano on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent has put the spotlight back on the dangers of volcanic activity, particularly the hazards of the ash that falls from the sky. This is what you need to know about this threat and what you should do if you are in the path of a volcanic eruption.

Understanding the Threat and Response: There are more than 150 volcanoes in the US that are considered to be active. Most of these volcanoes are located in Alaska and Hawaii with a few more scattered along the West Coast. The status of a volcano at any given time is being continuously monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These trained meteorologists monitor the status of all of the active volcanoes. They are also responsible for tracking volcanic ash in the atmosphere after an eruption so that they can appropriately issue advisories and warnings for the resulting ashfall.

Impacts of Ashfall on Everyday Life: There are a number of factors that influence the seriousness of ashfall on everyday life after a volcanic eruption. These factors include the distance of an area from the volcano, the properties of the ash, the amount of ashfall produced by the eruption, and the ability of the community to respond immediately to the threat. While it is obvious that those communities closest to the volcano experience the greatest threat, areas hundreds of miles away may also see the impact.

The ash that spews from an eruption is highly abrasive. This ash can be a major irritating factor to the lungs and the eyes, especially to older populations or those with compromised immune systems. This abrasive ash can also contaminate a community’s water supply, cause damage to vehicles, and kill vegetation. It is not uncommon for an area to see multiple road closures after an eruption.

Threats of Ash to Aviation: One of the biggest threats of ash clouds comes to aviation activity. It is no surprise to learn that airborne volcanic ash can significantly affect the visibility of aircraft. This ash can also damage crucial flight control systems and lead to the failure of jet engines. Because of these dangers, air traffic controllers and pilots are one of the first groups of people made aware of potential volcanic eruptions.

What to Do During an Eruption: The number one thing to remember during a volcanic eruption is to stay calm. Panicking will only make the problem worse. If you live near an active volcano, you should have enough safety glasses and dust masks on hand for every member of your family. Be sure to stay indoors throughout the ashfall period and until authorities deem it safe to go outside.

Putting damp towels along doorway cracks and other entry zones will help to keep the toxic ashfall out of your home. If you must drive, be sure to drive at slow speeds. Conditions can deteriorate quickly depending on the location and trajectory of the ashfall.

As always, having an emergency preparedness plan is crucial when encountering any type of natural disaster.

What to Do After an Eruption: Your local news source will provide the best information in the time immediately following the eruption. It is important to follow the instruction of your local authorities.

The good news is that today’s modern volcanic monitoring systems are generally able to provide some type of advance warning prior to an eruption.

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